Category: UPDATES

By the Women Human Rights Defenders Network Uganda (WHRDN-U) | Brenda Kugonza

As Uganda prepares for its Fourth Cycle Universal Periodic Review (UPR) before the United Nations Human Rights Council scheduled for January to February 2027, the Women Human Rights Defenders Network Uganda (WHRDN-U) undertook a nationwide consultative process to ensure that the lived experiences, priorities, and protection concerns of women human rights defenders are fully reflected in the country’s national reporting and advocacy agenda. The consultation comes at a critical moment, as stakeholder submissions for the 2027 UPR cycle are due in July 2026, making it urgent to ensure that grassroots voices meaningfully shape Uganda’s human rights accountability commitments.

Uganda’s previous UPR review in 2021 resulted in the acceptance of 138 recommendations and the noting of 132 recommendations. While this reflects continued engagement with the international human rights system, women human rights defenders emphasized that gaps remain in implementation and in the protection of those working at the frontline of human rights defense. It is against this background that WHRDN-U initiated a structured consultation process between March and June 2026, reaching more than 60 women human rights defenders across different regions of the country.

The purpose of the consultation was to document and elevate the voices of women human rights defenders in order to inform Uganda’s UPR reporting process and strengthen advocacy for improved protection mechanisms. The process specifically sought to generate evidence-based insights on the protection environment for women defenders, including progress made since the last UPR cycle, emerging risks, and practical recommendations for strengthening legal, institutional, and community-based protection systems.

The consultation brought together a diverse group of women human rights defenders, including those working on environmental and land rights, gender-based violence response, anti-FGM advocacy, Indigenous women defenders from the Batwa and Benet communities, women defenders with disabilities, structurally silenced women defenders, and those operating in rural and remote areas. This diversity ensured that the consultation captured intersecting realities of risk, exclusion, and resilience across different identities and movements.

The consultations were conducted through participatory dialogue sessions designed to create safe and inclusive spaces for reflection and experience sharing. Women defenders collectively reviewed Uganda’s progress under the previous UPR cycle and discussed current protection challenges, barriers to civic space, and priority areas for reform. The process also enabled deeper analysis of how legal, political, social, economic, and digital environments are shaping the safety and work of women human rights defenders.

The findings revealed a persistent gap between Uganda’s legal and policy commitments and the lived realities of women human rights defenders. While Uganda has enacted important legal frameworks such as the Constitution of 1995, the Domestic Violence Act of 2010, the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act of 2010, and the Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act of 2012, participants consistently reported that implementation remains weak and uneven, particularly in rural and high-risk contexts.

Women defenders working on female genital mutilation reported continued resistance rooted in cultural norms, which exposes both activists and survivors to threats, retaliation, and social exclusion. Despite the existence of the FGM law, enforcement challenges remain a serious concern, especially in border communities where cross-border practices persist.

Defenders working on gender-based violence highlighted ongoing risks including intimidation by perpetrators, interference in justice processes, stigma against survivors, and increasing forms of technology-facilitated violence. Online harassment, surveillance, and coordinated digital attacks were identified as growing threats that disproportionately target women activists and restrict their participation in public life.

Environmental and land rights defenders described experiences of criminalization, arbitrary arrest, detention, surveillance, and judicial harassment. Their work is often wrongly framed as anti-development, exposing them to public hostility and institutional pressure. Many also reported gender-specific risks such as sexual harassment, intimidation, and community stigmatization linked to their activism.

Indigenous women human rights defenders from the Batwa and Benet communities highlighted structural exclusion rooted in historical land dispossession, poverty, and geographic isolation. These intersecting inequalities continue to limit their access to protection services, justice systems, and meaningful participation in decision-making processes.

Women human rights defenders with disabilities reported systemic barriers including inaccessible institutions, exclusion from consultations, and lack of reasonable accommodation. They emphasized that disability rights issues remain underrepresented in national human rights discussions, further deepening their marginalization.

A particularly concerning finding was the situation of structurally silenced defenders, who face multiple and overlapping forms of violence including arbitrary arrest, surveillance, blackmail, eviction, and denial of essential services. Many reported self-censorships due to fear of reprisals, while organizations supporting marginalized communities face increasing operational and financial restrictions.

Defenders working in suspended civil society organizations reported severe socio-economic and psychological impacts, including loss of livelihoods, disruption of essential services, and increased vulnerability for communities that rely on their support systems. Electoral period-related risks were also highlighted, with defenders involved in civic education and election monitoring reporting harassment, arrests, intimidation, misinformation, and gendered attacks designed to discredit their work.

Despite these challenges, the consultation created a strong platform for solidarity and collective reflection among women human rights defenders. It strengthened shared understanding of cross-cutting risks, particularly those related to gender-based violence, digital safety, and shrinking civic space, while also generating a consolidated evidence base to inform Uganda’s UPR stakeholder submission.

The consultation further produced key recommendations aimed at strengthening protection for women human rights defenders. Participants called on the Government of Uganda to end arbitrary arrests, detention, intimidation, and judicial harassment linked to legitimate human rights work. They also urged the establishment of a dedicated, gender-responsive national protection mechanism for human rights defenders that addresses both physical and digital threats.

Strong emphasis was placed on the need to fully enforce existing laws, including those addressing domestic violence, FGM, and torture, while also strengthening national responses to technology-facilitated gender-based violence. Participants further called for the protection of freedoms of expression, association, and peaceful assembly, particularly during electoral periods, and for the removal of undue restrictions on civil society organizations.

The consultation also highlighted the need for targeted protection measures for Indigenous women defenders, women with disabilities, and other structurally marginalized groups to ensure their meaningful participation in national governance processes. Participants further called for improved access to justice, healthcare, housing, and essential services in safe and non-discriminatory environments.

In addition, women human rights defenders recommended the enactment of a gender-sensitive Human Rights Defenders Protection Law that explicitly recognizes women defenders and responds to their specific risks. They also urged Uganda to ratify the Optional Protocol to CEDAW to strengthen accountability mechanisms for women’s rights violations and to ensure meaningful inclusion of women human rights defenders in ongoing policy reforms, including the revision of the National Gender Policy.

In conclusion, the consultation confirms that women human rights defenders in Uganda continue to play a vital role in advancing justice, accountability, and community empowerment despite operating in increasingly restrictive environments. While Uganda has made important legal and policy commitments, significant gaps in enforcement and protection remain. The experiences and recommendations shared through this process provide critical evidence for strengthening Uganda’s 4th Cycle UPR engagement and advancing a safer, more enabling environment for women human rights defenders across the country.

June 5, 2026 – Bethany Land Institute, Luweero

On World Environment Day 2026, the Women Human Rights Defenders Network Uganda (WHRDN-U) brought together 11 Women Environmental Human Rights Defenders (WEHRDs) and five “Agroforestry Power Ladies” for a powerful learning and exchange visit at Bethany Land Institute (BLI) in Luweero District. Held under the global theme “Inspired by Nature, for Climate, for Our Future,” the commemoration highlighted the vital role of women in advancing environmental justice, climate resilience, and sustainable livelihoods.

 A Celebration of Nature and Solidarity

The event was more than a commemoration it was a reminder of the central role women play in protecting ecosystems and advocating for climate action. Through interactive discussions, practical demonstrations, and a guided study tour of BLI’s learning centers, participants explored innovative approaches to:

• Regenerative agroforestry and ecosystem restoration
• Waste management and recycling
• Organic farming and soil health
• Biodiversity conservation and forest protection
• Indigenous knowledge and herbal medicine

Brenda Kugonza, Team Leader of WHRDN-U, emphasized the importance of solidarity and experience sharing among defenders, while BLI Principal Mr. Kule Sylvester urged participants to honor nature by adopting environmentally friendly practices such as organic farming, tree planting, and ecosystem restoration.

 Hands-On Learning at Bethany Land Institute

Participants toured BLI’s three learning centers—Lazarus Forest, Mary’s School, and Martha’s Market—gaining practical insights into sustainable farming and conservation. Highlights included:

• Mary’s Demonstration Farm: Creative recycling using plastic bottles for soil conservation and garden structures.
• Soil Management Section: Composting, organic fertilizers, and natural pest repellents like wild sunflower and garlic.
• Black Soldier Fly Unit: Circular farming innovations where larvae serve as protein-rich poultry feed.
• Artificial Wetland System: Nature-based water purification for reuse.
• Regenerative Agroforestry Models: Integrating crops, trees, and livestock for resilient food systems.
• Self-Care & Herbal Medicine: Exploring indigenous remedies such as Aloe Vera and Indian Pennywort.
• Lazarus Forest Walk: A 300-acre conservation area showcasing biodiversity and the importance of forest ecosystems.

Voices of Defenders

Women defenders shared inspiring testimonies of their work across Uganda:

• Annet (Buikwe): Mobilized communities against industrial water pollution.
• Shamim (Kasese): Advocated for climate education in schools for children with disabilities.
• Sharon (Girls for Climate Action): Supported women in eco-friendly enterprises like reusable sanitary pads.
• Constance (Tororo): Introduced tree planting traditions, including planting a tree for every child born.
• Elizabeth (Kikuube): Fought for women’s inclusion in sugarcane farming despite threats and backlash.

Key Achievements

The commemoration strengthened participants’ knowledge and commitment to:

• Replicating regenerative agroforestry and organic farming practices.
• Promoting waste recycling and sustainable livelihoods.
• Preserving indigenous knowledge and herbal medicine.
• Expanding tree planting and forest conservation initiatives.
• Building solidarity and peer learning networks among defenders.

Recommendations

Participants called for:

• Continued protection and wellness support for women defenders.
• More exchange visits and peer learning opportunities.
• Training on safe advocacy and security practices.
• Creation of safe spaces for reflection, healing, and self-care.
• Stronger referral systems for defenders facing threats and violence.

 This commemoration at Bethany Land Institute was a testament to the resilience, creativity, and leadership of women environmental defenders. By embracing nature-based solutions and strengthening solidarity, they continue to safeguard Uganda’s environment for present and future generations.

May 21–22, 2026 – Amudat District, Karamoja Region

Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) across Uganda continue to face serious threats including physical attacks, arbitrary arrests, domestic violence, and online harassment. To strengthen their resilience and practical skills in safe documentation and reporting, the Women Human Rights Defenders Network Uganda (WHRDN-U) convened a two-day regional meeting in Amudat District, bringing together 16 WHRDs from Kaabong, Moroto, Tapak Sogdek-Moroto, IK Land, Amudat, Nakapiripirit, Karita, and Napak districts.

Opening Voices of Solidarity

Brenda Kugonza, Team Leader of WHRDN-U, reminded participants that WHRDs are frontline women fighting for human rights despite attacks from both state and non-state actors. She emphasized the importance of solidarity and partnerships with local government, welcoming Suzan Chuwai, Senior Assistant Secretary and survivor of FGM, who highlighted the need for women defenders to support each other in the face of gender-based abuse and cyberbullying.

Identifying Violations Against WHRDs

Through group discussions, participants reflected on the types of violations they face:

• Attacks on life: Threats, domestic violence, and community isolation.
• Domestic violence and cultural discrimination: Physical assaults, sexual harassment, land grabbing, and harmful cultural norms.
• Arbitrary detention and sidelining: Cases ignored or mishandled by authorities.
• Verbal and online abuse: Hate speech, doxing, fake rumors, and intimidation.

The session underscored the importance of documenting violations, both online and offline, to ensure accountability and protection.

Building Documentation Skills

Participants engaged in practical case scenarios to distinguish between eligible, non-eligible, and fabricated cases. They learned the value of evidence, verification, and ethical assessment, as well as the need to document digital violations with screenshots, links, and police references.

Field Visit: Mining and Environmental Rights

On the second day, WHRDs visited Lukales Gold Mining Site in Karita, where Christine, chairperson of the Kyangaliya Women Group, shared her advocacy journey against harmful mining practices. Despite threats and attempts to silence her, Christine’s documentation and digital advocacy led to government intervention and eventual closure of the company. Her resilience inspired fellow defenders and highlighted the power of safe advocacy and digital tools in amplifying community voices.

Key Learnings and Way Forward

• WHRDs must continue documenting violations and strengthening digital security.
• Partnerships with local government and commissions such as the Equal Opportunities Commission are vital.
• Training in safe advocacy and digital tools remains a priority to empower women defenders.

Successes and Challenges

The meeting successfully built solidarity among WHRDs, enhanced their knowledge on violations, and strengthened their documentation skills. However, cultural norms and fear of isolation remain significant barriers, with many violations still going undocumented.

Pictorial of the Activity

April 29–30, 2026 | Protea Skyz Hotel Kampala

Twenty women leaders from structurally silenced organizations came together at Protea Skyz Hotel in Kampala for a two-day residential gathering organized by the Women Human Rights Defenders Network-Uganda (WHRDN-U). The convening created a vital space for safety, solidarity, and resilience-building among women human rights defenders (WHRDs) who often face isolation, legal threats, and community backlash.

Purpose and Objectives

The gathering was designed to:

• Enhance practical understanding of how current laws are applied in Uganda.
• Support women leaders to adopt safer daily work practices.
• Reduce isolation through peer connection and solidarity.
• Strengthen inclusive protections within the WHRDN-U network.

As one participant expressed, “This gathering is a space of connection, a place to reflect on safety and protection mechanisms, and to recognize the power within.”

Key Sessions and Insights

• Understanding the Law: Facilitators highlighted the challenges of Uganda’s legal environment, where compliance requirements often target civil society organizations. Litigation was discussed as a tool for change, though participants noted that court decisions frequently remain unimplemented.
• Safety Strategies: WHRDs shared practical approaches to staying safe, including choosing advocacy spaces strategically, collaborating across regions, and leveraging collective action. “It’s better to be a living WHRD than a dead one,” one reminder emphasized.
• UPR Consultations: Participants identified pressing issues such as restrictions on freedom of association, digital surveillance, economic insecurity, and cultural stigma. Recommendations included strengthening legal frameworks, ensuring inclusive participation, and restoring access to financial resources for NGOs.
• Experience-Based Panel: Leaders shared survival strategies such as rebranding organizations, building cross-movement partnerships, promoting social enterprise, and minimizing office-based risks.

Building Resilience and Connection

Beyond technical sessions, the gathering emphasized self-care, gratitude, and solidarity. Dancing and reflection exercises symbolized resilience and the determination to “shake off whatever structure or form limits women’s progress.”

Moving Forward

The gathering concluded with practical opportunities for continued support, including access to legal expertise, counselling, and digital resources. Most importantly, it reaffirmed the collective strength of WHRDs in Uganda.

This event was more than a meeting, it was a declaration of resilience, a reminder that even in silenced spaces, women leaders continue to stand strong, protect one another, and push forward for justice.

Pictorial of the convening

April 23–24, 2026 – Esella Hotel

The Women Human Rights Defenders Network–Uganda (WHRDN-U) convened a powerful two-day counselling and social enterprise training for invisible Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) from suspended organizations. The initiative aimed to restore hope, provide psychosocial support, and equip participants with practical tools for financial resilience and sustainable livelihoods.

Day One: Healing Through Counselling

The opening session, led by WHRDN-U Team Lead Brenda Kugonza, encouraged participants to embrace the safe space for healing and solidarity. Madam Ruth Matoya from Healing Talk Counselling Services facilitated group psychosocial support, guiding WHRDs through reflective conversations on loss, trauma, and resilience.

Participants shared deeply personal experiences of anxiety, grief, and identity loss following organizational suspensions. Through exercises connecting emotional pain to physical sensations, they realized how trauma manifests in the body. The session emphasized intentional living, holistic self-care, and reclaiming one’s voice.

One participant reflected, “I have learnt that grief is ok as long as it’s normal and manageable.” Another added, “This session helped me realize I have been living in survival mode. Now I need to slow down and prioritize my wellbeing.”

Day Two: Building Financial Resilience Through Social Enterprise

The second day, facilitated by Dr. Joyce Tamale of Capital Solutions Limited, focused on entrepreneurship as a pathway to resilience. Under the theme “Appreciating Entrepreneurship for Financial Resilience,” WHRDs explored mindset change, intrapreneurship, and the “5 D’s” of financial resilience—Discipline, Death, Divorce, Debt, and Disease.

Dr. Tamale emphasized the importance of starting small, adopting a growth mindset, and aligning business ventures with social impact. Participants brainstormed enterprises addressing issues such as gender-based violence, unemployment, menstrual poverty, and child neglect.

One inspiring example was the proposal to establish day care centers offering counselling support for neglected children. Others shared lived experiences of running small businesses, highlighting both successes and challenges.

Key Lessons and Action Points

Over the next six months, WHRDs committed to:

• Testing small-scale business ideas with minimal resources.
• Strengthening personal and business branding.
• Leveraging networks and community assets for growth.
• Practicing structured time management to balance employment and entrepreneurship.

The training reinforced the need to shift from donor dependency to market-oriented thinking, embrace resilience, and build sustainable ventures that respond to real community needs.

Conclusion

This two-day initiative provided WHRDs not only with therapeutic healing but also with entrepreneurial skills to reimagine their futures. By combining psychosocial support with social enterprise training, WHRDN-U continues to strengthen the resilience of women defenders navigating uncertainty, ensuring they remain empowered voices for justice and equality.

Pictorial of the workshop