DOCUMENTING ATTACKS, AMPLIFYING VOICES: WHRDN-U REPORTS INCREASED THREATS AGAINST WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN UGANDA (JAN–JUNE 2025)

The Women Human Rights Defenders Network Uganda (WHRDN-U) continues to shine a spotlight on the growing risks faced by Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) across the country. From January to June 2025, the organization documented a total of 33 cases of attacks and violations through its Registry of Attacks against WHRDs, underscoring the urgent need for targeted protection and advocacy.

First Quarter Findings (January–March 2025)

The first quarter of 2025 saw 18 cases of violations against WHRDs documented by the WHRDN-U Registry. These cases ranged from threats and intimidation to digital and physical surveillance. A line graph in the full report highlights the frequency and nature of these violations, offering a visual representation of the growing hostility WHRDs face.

A second graph reveals the types of perpetrators responsible for the attacks, offering insights into the systemic and widespread nature of these violations, which are not limited to non-state actors.

Second Quarter Findings (April–June 2025)

In the second quarter, WHRDN-U recorded 15 new cases. Of these, 5 WHRDs received Emergency Protection Support—including relocation and legal assistance—while 10 others were provided with psychosocial support. These interventions were made possible through WHRDN-U’s rapid response mechanisms and the solidarity of peer WHRDs.

A pie chart in the report illustrates the diversity of activism among affected WHRDs:

  • GBV Activism – 23.1%
  • Child Rights – 15.4%
  • Sexual Minority Rights – 15.4%
  • Economic Rights – 15.4%
  • Female Journalists – 7.7%
  • LBQTI Rights – 7.7%
  • Environmental Rights – 7.7%
  • Women’s Rights Activism – 7.7%

Additionally, a bar graph details the types and frequency of human rights violations reported, highlighting the persistent risks WHRDs face in various sectors.

A Shrinking Civic Space

The period under review reflects a deteriorating environment for human rights work in Uganda. State-sanctioned repression, impunity, and increasingly restrictive civic space continue to endanger the lives and work of WHRDs. The context analysis in the report warns of an alarming trend: the silencing of dissent and criminalization of activism, particularly affecting women who challenge entrenched power structures and advocate for marginalized groups.

WHRDN-U’s Call to Action

As threats against WHRDs escalate, WHRDN-U urges national and international stakeholders to:

  • Recognize WHRDs as vital actors in the promotion of democracy and social justice.
  • Strengthen gender-responsive protection mechanisms.
  • Fund holistic safety and well-being strategies for WHRDs.
  • Advocate for policy reforms to expand civic space and safeguard human rights defenders.

WHRDN-U reaffirms its commitment to documenting, supporting, and amplifying the voices of Women Human Rights Defenders across Uganda. The Registry of Attacks remains a critical tool for evidence-based advocacy, enabling the network to respond quickly and push for long-term policy and structural change.

Details below 

12. Report from WHRDNU’s registry Database of attacks against WHRD data base 

  • According to quarter one (January to March 2025, our report presents an analysis of cases recorded from the WHRDN-U’s Registry of Attacks against WHRDs. A Total cases documented were 18 and these cases involved various forms of violations against Women Human Rights Defenders. A line graph illustrates the number and types of reported violations experienced by WHRDs.
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A second graph categorizes the incidents by types of perpetrators, offering insights into the sources of attacks.

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  • The second quarter’s report covers cases documented between April and June 2025.Total cases documented were 15, 5 WHRDs received Emergency Protection Support, and 10 WHRDs received psychosocial support, coordinated through WHRDN-U and peer WHRDs

A pie chart shows the distribution of the human rights work of the affected WHRDs: GBV Activism – 23.1%, Child Rights – 15.4%, Sexual Minority Rights – 15.4%,Economic Rights – 15.4%,Female Journalists – 7.7%,LBQTI Rights – 7.7%,Environmental Rights – 7.7%, and Women’s Rights Activism – 7.7%

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A bar graph displays the types and frequency of human rights violations reported.

Published by Brenda Kugonza

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Context Analysis: Shrinking Civic Space and Risks to Women Human Rights Defenders in Uganda (2025)

Uganda is currently experiencing a significant deterioration in human rights, marked by increasing repression of dissent, shrinking civic space, and state-sanctioned impunity. This has dire implications for the safety, agency, and sustainability of Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) and the broader human rights movement in Uganda.

STRENGTHENING LEGAL RESILIENCE: WHRDN-U HOSTS NATIONAL LEGAL PROTECTION AND COMPLIANCE TRAINING FOR WHRDS

“We cannot protect what we don’t understand.” These were the opening sentiments shared by Brenda Kugonza, Executive Director of the Women Human Rights Defenders Network Uganda (WHRDN-U), as she launched a groundbreaking two-day Legal Protection and Compliance Training on April 24–25, 2025. The training brought together 24 Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) from across Uganda and was facilitated by legal expert Anthony Masake, Executive Director of Chapter Four Uganda.

The initiative aimed to bolster the legal knowledge and compliance capacity of WHRDs, ensuring their continued resilience amidst an increasingly restrictive civic space.

Why Legal Compliance Matters for WHRDs

In her opening remarks, Brenda shared the sobering story of a WHRD whose organization was shut down over legal noncompliance, resulting in serious personal repercussions. “We cannot allow such stories to repeat. Understanding the law is part of our protection and sustainability,” she emphasized.

With Uganda’s legal landscape rapidly shifting, the training set out to:

  • Raise awareness on legal obligations for NGOs.
  • Explore practical strategies for addressing compliance challenges.
  • Strengthen collective advocacy around civic space and operational freedoms.

Key Discussions and Regional Realities

Participants shared pressing legal and operational issues based on their regional contexts:

  • Central Uganda: Questions ranged from NGO registration requirements, tax return errors, and anti-money laundering policies, to handling URA/KCCA notifications and complex donor compliance issues.
  • Western Uganda: Concerns included lack of capacity among Boards, frequent changes in registration requirements, corruption, and pressures to disclose funding sources before signing MOUs.
  • Eastern Uganda: Issues raised included district-level legal fees, registration denial due to organizational objectives, confusion around filing deadlines, and complexities surrounding founder member succession.
  • Northern & West Nile: WHRDs discussed risks tied to tax exemptions, district-level MOU pressures, and community resistance due to the nature of their human rights work.

The diversity of experiences showcased just how varied — and often challenging — the legal terrain is for WHRDs, especially those working in remote or underserved areas.

Expert Insights and Legal Navigation Tools

Facilitator Anthony Masake provided tailored responses and legal guidance. Key takeaways included:

  • NGO Registration & Tax Compliance: Participants were urged to adhere strictly to URSB checklists and to file tax returns by the 10th of each month to avoid penalties. Tax exemption is beneficial but may trigger audits.
  • FIA & Anti-Money Laundering: While NGOs are exempt from FIA registration as of February 2025, they are still advised to maintain Anti-Money Laundering policies.
  • MOUs with Districts: Signing MOUs with local governments is not a legal requirement. WHRDs were advised to critically assess risks before entering into such agreements.
  • Data Protection: A deep dive into Uganda’s Data Protection Policy helped participants understand roles of Data Controllers, Processors, and Officers. Annual registration with the Data Protection and Privacy Office (DPPO) is mandatory, and organizations were encouraged to assign management-level DPOs.

Understanding the NGO Bureau’s RIA Report

Day Two introduced participants to the Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) report , a policy document that outlines the government’s expectations for NGO operations. Among other things, the report advocates:

  • Reducing administrative costs in favor of direct service delivery.
  • Employing qualified professionals to establish NGOs.
  • Screening foreign donors.
  • Hiring full-time compliance officers.

While informative, the RIA report sparked concern. “It focuses too much on our shortcomings and too little on our contributions,” noted Sarah Namugolo. Participants warned that if used selectively, the RIA could further restrict civic space and undermine NGO impact.

Data Protection: A Critical Compliance Frontier

The training concluded with an intensive session on data protection. From defining personal data to understanding the responsibilities of a Data Protection Officer (DPO), participants gained critical insights.

Notably, Annet Alubo shared a cautionary tale of how her personal data was misused by a consultant to register another NGO. This testimony underscored the urgent need for robust data protection measures in the sector.

Participant Reflections & Commitments

WHRDs left the training energized and equipped with practical action plans. Highlights include:

  • Jackline Namono committed to registering her CBO with URSB and restructuring her Board.
  • Jovia Oyungi planned to train her colleagues on data protection principles and begin registration with the DPPO.
  • Rita from MADNET resolved to rebrand her organization and draft a data protection policy.
  • Hope Atim appreciated learning how to communicate with URA in case of delayed payments.
  • Florence Namuga and Nabiira Nakalema were among many who expressed gratitude for learning how to navigate compliance with confidence.

Key Achievements

  • Deepened understanding of legal compliance frameworks including registration, taxation, and data privacy.
  • Cross-regional solidarity through shared experiences and peer learning.
  • Tangible action plans to address compliance gaps and improve legal resilience.

Next Steps

WHRDN-U and Chapter Four Uganda committed to continued support, including:

  • Organizing a specialized tax compliance training.
  • Sharing legal templates (e.g., URA correspondence letters, DPO job descriptions).
  • Facilitating ICT-focused training through the DPPO.
  • Coordinating collective advocacy around the NGO Bureau’s RIA report.
  • Mapping WHRDs in environmental rights work for targeted support.

Conclusion: Building Legal Power for Women Defenders

The Legal Protection and Compliance Training reaffirmed WHRDN-U’s commitment to equipping WHRDs with the knowledge and tools needed to not just survive — but thrive — in Uganda’s legal and civic landscape. By fostering collective resilience and compliance literacy, WHRDN-U is ensuring that WHRDs remain empowered to defend rights, challenge injustice, and lead transformational change in their communities.

PICTORIAL OF THE TRAINING

TRAINING TRANSLATES TO ACTION: ALBERTINE REGION TEAM CHAMPIONS EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES

WHRDN-U’s capacity building initiatives continue to yield tangible results as participants apply their knowledge to address critical human rights issues in their communities.

In a powerful demonstration of how effective training can catalyze meaningful change, a dedicated team from Uganda’s Albertine region has taken decisive action to combat marginalization in their area. Following their participation in WHRDN-U’s specialized training on “Engagement with Institutions/Policy Makers,” the team has successfully referred cases of marginalization to the Equal Opportunities Commission.

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This initiative exemplifies the core mission of the Women’s Human Rights Defenders Network-Uganda (WHRDN-U) – building capacity among human rights defenders to effectively engage with institutional frameworks and policy-making processes. The training equipped participants with essential skills and knowledge on how to navigate formal channels for addressing human rights violations and promoting equal opportunities for all.

The Albertine region team’s proactive approach in identifying and referring marginalization cases demonstrates the practical application of their newly acquired skills. By working directly with the Equal Opportunities Commission – Uganda’s constitutional body mandated to eliminate discrimination and inequalities – the team is ensuring that affected individuals and communities have access to proper legal recourse and protection.

This action represents more than just a referral process; it signifies a systematic approach to human rights advocacy where defenders are empowered with the knowledge and confidence to engage with formal institutions effectively.

The success story from the Albertine region highlights the importance of targeted capacity building in strengthening Uganda’s human rights ecosystem. When human rights defenders are equipped with the right tools and knowledge, they become powerful agents of change in their communities.

WHRDN-U remains committed to providing such transformative training opportunities that not only educate but inspire action. The organization continues to build the capacity of women human rights defenders across Uganda, ensuring they have the skills needed to effectively advocate for human rights and engage meaningfully with policy-making institutions.

This impact story serves as an inspiration to other human rights defenders across the country and demonstrates the ripple effect of quality training programs. As WHRDN-U continues to expand its capacity building initiatives, more communities will benefit from having skilled advocates who can navigate institutional frameworks to secure justice and equal opportunities for all.

The work of the Albertine region team stands as a testament to the power of education, training, and committed action in the fight for human rights and social justice in Uganda

KARAMOJA WHRDs UNITE TO BREAK THE SILENCE ON FGM

How WHRDN-U is Strengthening Regional Collaboration and Joint Advocacy

In the Karamoja region, Female Genital Mutilation remains a harmful tradition threatening the health and dignity of girls. For years, defenders in the region have worked in silos—struggling alone, with little support or connection to others doing similar work.That changed when the Women Human Rights Defenders Network Uganda (WHRDN-U) brought WHRDs from across Karamoja together in a workshop in Kampala. It was here that they learned not only legal tools and protection strategies—but also the power of solidarity.

When Pauline Chepar from Amudat shared how she was facing threats and working with little support, her sisters from Moroto, Napak, and Nakapiripirit knew they had to act.

And they did. On July 8th, 2025, these WHRDs took a bold step,they travelled to Amudat to stand with Pauline and her colleagues at Sanay Anti-FGM Office. It was a powerful moment of courage and care. The women sat together, exchanged strategies, encouraged one another, and made a joint promise: No more silence, no more isolation.

They talked openly about what they needed to win this fight: better police response, more funding, safe spaces for girls, and cultural leaders as allies. What seemed like a simple visit turned into a symbol of strength and sisterhood. This was not just support, it was a movement growing from the ground.Because of WHRDN-U’s support and coordination, WHRDs in Karamoja are now more united than ever. They are building a shared voice, forming strong bonds, and pushing for real change in their communities.This is what happens when women defenders stand together. This is the impact of WHRDN-U.

FROM ISOLATION TO SOLIDARITY – PAULINE’s STORY IN AMUDAT

Impact of WHRDN-U in Strengthening Women Human Rights Defenders in the Fight Against FGM

In the quiet and remote district of Amudat, Pauline Chepar had been fighting a lonely and dangerous battle. As a passionate Woman Human Rights Defender (WHRD), she had been leading the fight against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)—a deeply rooted cultural practice in the area. Her work was not easy. She faced threats from community members, resistance from traditional leaders, and even neglect from authorities who were supposed to support her cause.

When Pauline attended the WHRDN-U Regional Residential Capacity Building Workshop in June 2025, she finally found a space where her voice could be heard. She courageously shared her daily struggles—how she risks her life to protect young girls, the emotional pain of survivors, the fear that cross-border FGM brings, and how often justice is never served due to weak law enforcement.

Her testimony touched the hearts of other WHRDs, especially those from the Karamoja sub-region. They realized that Pauline was not just fighting for her community—she was fighting for all of them. That is when something beautiful happened: they chose to stand with her.On July 8th, 2025, a team of WHRDs from Moroto, Napak, and Nakapiripirit districts organized a solidarity visit to the Sanay Anti-FGM Office in Amudat, where Pauline works. This was not just a visit—it was a powerful act of sisterhood.

Together, they shared experiences, cried, laughed, and reminded one another why their work matters. They held deep conversations about the dangers WHRDs face, the frustration of limited resources, and the pain of watching cultural practices harm women and girls. But most importantly, they gave each other hope.This visit, made possible through the coordination and inspiration of WHRDN-U, marked a turning point. Pauline no longer felt alone. She now had a network of sisters walking beside her. Together, they pledged to raise their voices louder, to run joint campaigns, and to push for stronger protection of girls’ rights across Karamoja.“When they came to Amudat, I felt like I could breathe again. I knew I was not alone anymore,” Pauline said.

Through this story, we see how WHRDN-U is not only building the capacity of WHRDs but also creating a culture of love, care, and unity in activism. This is what collective protection looks like. This is how change begins.

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SPEAKING TRUTH TO POWER IN ARUA: WHRDs TAKE THE LEAD

In West Nile, WHRDs were facing rising threats, from cyberbullying and arrests to violence in their own homes. Many defenders were scared to speak out, especially online. But that changed after WHRDN-U held a powerful meeting in Arua City.

WHRDs came together with civil society leaders and the Uganda Human Rights Commission. They presented hard-hitting data showing that:

  • 57% of attacks came from the community.
  • 41% came from family and local leaders.
  • 26% were by police and security forces.

One woman shared: “I was arrested for leading a peaceful protest. I stayed three nights in jail without knowing my charges.”The room was quiet. Then the mood shifted,to action. Civil society leaders promised to:

  • Speak up more about WHRDs in local spaces.
  • Work closely with religious and cultural leaders to shift harmful beliefs.
  • Invest in cyber security training to help defenders protect themselves online.

The Uganda Human Rights Commission said they would offer technical help and encouraged WHRDs to use their library and services. From fear to power—this is the journey WHRDN-U is walking with defenders.

STANDING TOGETHER AFTER AN OFFICE BREAK-IN: SOLIDARITY IN ACTION

In Gulu, Acholi subregion, one of our own, Harriet Akello, of Volunteer Action Network, suffered a scary break-in at her organization’s office. Laptops were stolen. Locks were broken. Her team was shaken. But what happened next showed the true meaning of sisterhood and protection.WHRDN-U had just trained WHRDs in digital and physical security. Inspired by the training, a group of WHRDs immediately took action. They visited Harriet’s office, assessed the damage, and conducted a full security review. They found the office had no security cameras, weak door and window locks, and easy access for strangers. Together, they made clear recommendations for stronger locks, surveillance systems, and controlled access to protect staff and files.This solidarity visit was more than technical support. It was healing. It reminded Harriet that she was not alone. WHRDN-U gave defenders tools to protect each other, not just with words but with action.

FROM SILENCE TO STRENGTH: WHRDs MEET THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMISSION IN SOROTI

Before the WHRDN-U training, many Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs)  in the Teso region felt invisible and unsupported. They faced serious threats—some were harassed by their own families, others were arrested, and many were attacked online. 

But everything changed after WHRDN-U facilitated an engagement between WHRDs and the Uganda Human Rights Commission (UHRC) in Soroti. For the first time, WHRDs shared their painful stories directly with government officials. They spoke about cyberbullying, threats at home, and physical violence.

The Human Rights Commissioner admitted something big: “We didn’t even know WHRDs existed in our communities.”

Because of this meeting, UHRC promised to:

  • Work hand in hand with WHRDs.
  • Offer free legal support and referrals for assaulted WHRDs.
  • Train WHRDs on how to report cases using UHRC toll-free lines and email.

This meeting built a bridge between WHRDs and duty bearers. It gave defenders courage and visibility. As Madam Agodo Joroline from Soroti said, “Our voices were finally heard. We are no longer working alone in fear.”

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WOMEN DEFENDERS LEARN HOW TO RECORD AND SHARE THEIR STORIES

Nineteen women human rights defenders (WHRDs) from different parts of Uganda came together for a special training on feminist documentation. The event was held at Arch Apartments and Hotel and was organized by the Women Human Rights Defenders Network Uganda (WHRDN-U). The training helped them learn how to record and report human rights violations, speak up for women’s rights, and protect themselves and others.

Why Recording Stories is Important

Brenda Kugonza, the leader of WHRDN-U, opened the training by saying that documenting human rights violations is not just about writing things down. She said it is about fighting for justice and protecting people. She praised some WHRDs for their hard work in following up on attacks and helping women in need.

Real-Life Stories from WHRDs

During the training, the WHRDs shared true stories about the challenges women face:

  • Wagodo Harriet (Kaliro) talked about a girl with a disability who was raped by her brother-in-law. The girl became pregnant, and the man ran away instead of facing punishment.
  • Beatrice (Kabarole) shared how widows are denied their rights to land, making life difficult for them.
  • Tibakanya Robina (Hoima) explained how people living with HIV are struggling because of a lack of support.
  • Kagoya Angella Irene (Iganga), a journalist, described how police mistreat media workers.

Atim Grace Abalo (Albertong) spoke about cases of sexual harassment against women with disabilities.

Challenges WHRDs Face

Monicah Awekenimungu led a session about the struggles that WHRDs face in getting help. These include:

  • Violence and Harassment: Some WHRDs are attacked or even killed while defending women’s rights.
  • Not Knowing Where to Get Help: Many WHRDs do not know about the legal and support systems that exist for them.
  • Fear of Speaking Out: Some are afraid to report crimes because they fear losing their jobs or being attacked again.
  • Poor Documentation: If reports do not have enough details, it becomes hard for organizations to take action.

Learning How to Document Cases

Brenda Kugonza taught the defenders how to properly fill out incident forms, making sure all important details are included. She reminded them that survivors should fill out the forms themselves to keep the information accurate. The women practiced through role-play activities and learned how to separate cases of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) from those related to WHRD activism.

Plans for the Future

At the end of the training, the WHRDs made action plans, including:

  • Writing better reports and sharing them with WHRDN-U for support.
  • Visiting defenders in Ngora District to support a group of women who were kidnapped in the past.
  • Talking to the Uganda AIDS Commission to advocate for people living with HIV/AIDS.
  • Taking care of themselves by organizing a self-care session at Esela Country Gardens.
  • Keeping the WHRDN-U network strong by being honest and responsible in their work.

Looking Ahead

The training helped WHRDs improve their skills and gave them the confidence to continue their work. As Uganda heads into a challenging time, these women are ready to protect human rights, support each other, and demand justice for all.

LAUNCH OF THE REPORT ON ATTACKS AGAINST WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN UGANDA

LAUNCH OF THE REPORT ON ATTACKS AGAINST WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN UGANDA

On November 29, 2024, the Women Human Rights Defenders Network Uganda (WHRDNU) launched a pivotal report documenting violence against women human rights defenders (WHRDs) in Uganda between 2020 and 2024. The launch, commemorating the International Day for WHRDs, highlighted the urgent need for protection in an environment where WHRDs face relentless attacks for their advocacy work. The report, built on extensive research and real-life experiences, unveils the stark reality of these defenders who tirelessly fight for human rights amid patriarchal violence and societal norms that often undermine their work.

The findings reveal a staggering 260 documented attacks on WHRDs, with the majority targeting individual defenders. These violations range from physical and emotional harm to professional discreditation and harassment, often leading to deep-rooted fear and self-censorship among defenders. Notably, community members were identified as the primary perpetrators, contradicting the expectation that communities would offer safety.

The report emphasizes the profound toll these attacks take, not only on the physical well-being of WHRDs but also on their mental health and professional reputation. Yet, it also underscores their resilience, highlighting the invaluable role they play in promoting democracy, justice, and peace in Uganda.

Through this report, WHRDNU calls for stronger protection mechanisms, urging government bodies, civil society organizations, and development partners to embrace its recommendations. It is critical that these stakeholders enhance advocacy efforts, integrate gender-sensitive protection strategies, and offer flexible, sustained funding for WHRDs to continue their work fearlessly. The report also highlights the need for gender-based analysis in addressing violence and for recognizing the role of digital spaces as both a tool of empowerment and a platform for abuse.

As we reflect on the findings of this ground-breaking report, it is clear that the path to justice for WHRDs requires collective action. The report serves as a reminder of the urgent need to prioritize the safety and well-being of those who defend human rights, ensuring that no sister is left behind in the fight for a just and equal society.